Budgets, funds and levies in Victoria

In short

• Every scheme keeps money for day-to-day costs, and most keep a second fund for big future costs. The day-to-day fund is the administrative fund almost everywhere (the ACT also calls it part of the "general fund"). The long-term fund is the capital works fund in NSW, the maintenance fund in Victoria, the reserve fund in WA and the sinking fund in Queensland, SA, Tasmania and the ACT. Whether the second fund is compulsory depends on the state and the size of the scheme. The NT's 2009 Act and Tasmania do not name separate funds at all.
• Owners approve the budget and the levies, usually at the annual general meeting. The committee (strata committee, executive committee, council or management committee) prepares the figures, but in every state the owners decide them by resolution at a general meeting. A committee cannot set the levies on its own, except Queensland's interim contributions and WA where the by-laws allow it.
• Levies are shared by each lot's entitlement. That is unit entitlement in NSW, WA, SA strata corporations, Tasmania and the ACT; lot liability in Victoria; contribution schedule lot entitlement in Queensland; lot entitlement in SA community schemes; and contribution entitlement in the NT. A different sharing method needs a stronger resolution (or is not allowed) in most states.
• Notice, discounts and interest differ a lot. NSW needs at least 30 days' notice before a levy is due, Queensland 30 days, Victoria gives 28 days to pay, the ACT sets the due date no later than 28 days after the notice, and WA, SA strata corporations, Tasmania and the NT set no minimum lead time. Early payment discounts exist only in NSW (10 per cent), Queensland (up to 20 per cent) and the ACT. Interest on late levies is automatic in NSW, WA and the ACT and needs a resolution elsewhere.
• Long-term maintenance plans are compulsory in NSW, larger Victorian schemes, WA designated strata companies, the ACT (4 or more units) and larger SA schemes; Queensland builds a 9-year view into each year's sinking fund budget. Tasmania and the NT require none.
• Owners have a legal right to see the books. Every state lets an owner inspect the scheme's records, usually within a set number of days and sometimes for a capped fee.

Related reading: Recovering unpaid levies, Meetings, Voting and proxies and Duties of a self-managing committee.

How it works

A strata scheme is run on the owners' money. There is no outside funding: every cost the scheme has, from insurance and cleaning to a new roof, is paid from levies the owners pay, plus any interest and small amounts like record inspection fees.

The yearly cycle looks much the same everywhere:

1. Before the AGM, the committee (or treasurer) prepares a proposed budget: what the scheme expects to spend this year on recurring costs, and what it needs to put aside for big future items. Where a long-term plan is required, the budget for the long-term fund is built from that plan.
2. The AGM notice goes out with the proposed budget and the accounts for the year just ended, so owners can read them before they vote.
3. At the AGM, owners approve the budget (or change it, within limits in some states) and fix the levies: the total amount, how many instalments and when each is due.
4. Levy notices go to each owner, giving the amount for their lot, the due date and how to pay. Some states set a minimum time between the notice and the due date and say what the notice must contain.
5. During the year, the committee spends within the approved budget. Spending beyond it, or big one-off items, usually needs a further resolution at a general meeting, and an unexpected cost may need a special levy.

Each lot's share is set by its entitlement, which is recorded on the strata plan, units plan or scheme statement. A lot with twice the entitlement pays twice as much. Some states allow, or require, a different split for costs that benefit only some lots.

The funds belong to the scheme, not to individual owners. They are kept in an account in the scheme's own name or, where a professional manager handles the money, in an account the state's law allows, such as the manager's trust account.

State by state

Victoria

Funds. The Owners Corporations Act 2006 does not require a separately named administrative fund: an owners corporation sets annual fees for administration, maintenance and repairs, insurance and other recurring obligations (OCA s 23). An owners corporation with an approved maintenance plan must set up a maintenance fund and keep separate accounts for it (ss 33(2) and 40).

Maintenance plan. Tier one (more than 100 occupiable lots) and tier two (51 to 100) owners corporations must prepare and approve a maintenance plan; others may (OCA s 36). It covers major capital items likely to need repair or replacement over the next 10 years, their condition, timing, cost and expected life (s 37). It can be amended by ordinary resolution, and the owners corporation reports on it at every AGM (ss 37(1A) and 39). Part of the annual fees, set by ordinary resolution and adequate to fund the plan, goes into the maintenance fund (s 42). Money comes out under the plan, by special resolution for other purposes, or for urgent matters such as safety repairs or a court order (ss 43 to 45).

Budget. The proposed budget goes out with the AGM notice and is considered at the AGM (OCA ss 71(2)(f) and 72(2)(e)). Tiers one to three prepare annual financial statements to the Australian Accounting Standards, and tier four in any year it levies fees (s 34). Tier one statements are audited and tier two statements reviewed (s 35).

Levies. Annual fees are based on lot liability. A lot whose particular use adds costs can be charged more, on the basis that the lot that benefits more pays more (OCA s 23(3) to (3B)). Building insurance premiums can instead be levied on lot entitlement (s 23A). The owners corporation decides when fees are payable (s 23(4)). Each fee notice is in the approved form and gives the owner 28 days to pay (s 31).

Discount and interest. The Act (version 024, in force from 9 September 2026) contains no provision for early payment discounts. Interest can be charged only if a general meeting has authorised it, at no more than the Penalty Interest Rates Act 1983 rate (s 29).

Special levies. Special fees and charges can be levied for extraordinary items, based on lot liability, or on a benefit basis where works mainly benefit some lots. A special resolution is needed if the amount is more than twice the current annual fees, unless the money is for urgent repairs needed for safety or to prevent significant loss or damage (OCA s 24).

Spending and borrowing. Unless the owners corporation delegates otherwise, the committee holds all its powers except those needing a unanimous resolution, a special resolution or a resolution at a general meeting (OCA ss 11(3) and (5), and 101). The Act sets no dollar cap on committee spending. An owners corporation may borrow by ordinary resolution up to the amount of its current annual fees, and by special resolution above that (s 25). It cannot mortgage or charge the common property (s 17).

What owners can see. An owner, mortgagee or purchaser can inspect the owners corporation's records at any reasonable time, free of charge, and get copies for a reasonable fee no higher than the prescribed maximum (OCA s 146).

Two-lot and services-only owners corporations are exempt from the accounts, maintenance plan and maintenance fund rules (OCA s 7A).

Watch. The Consumer Legislation Amendment Act 2026 adds hardship payment plans from a date to be proclaimed, no later than 1 December 2027.

If it goes wrong: where to get help

State	Contact first (information)	Who decides disputes
NSW	NSW Fair Trading, including free mediation	NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal (NCAT); levy debts can also go to a court
VIC	Consumer Affairs Victoria	The owners corporation's internal dispute process, then VCAT
QLD	Office of the Commissioner for Body Corporate and Community Management	Commissioner's conciliation and adjudication; levy debts go to QCAT or a court
WA	Landgate, strata titles	State Administrative Tribunal; levy debts go to the Magistrates Court
SA	Consumer and Business Services and the Legal Services Commission	The Magistrates Court (District Court with permission) for disputes (Strata Titles Act 1988 s 41A; Community Titles Act 1996 s 142); unpaid levies are recovered as a debt
TAS	Land Titles Office, strata information	The Recorder of Titles, with appeal to the Tasmanian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (TASCAT) (Strata Titles Act 1998 s 144)
ACT	Access Canberra	ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal (ACAT)
NT	NT Government, dealing with a body corporate	NT Civil and Administrative Tribunal (NTCAT)

How FairLot helps

FairLot is software the committee uses. It never holds the scheme's money, never sets levies and never decides anything for the owners.

• Levies and arrears: levy schedules, notices and statements, with payments going straight into the scheme's own account. FairLot warns when a notice gives less than your state's minimum lead time, or when a proposed interest rate or discount is above the limit, and applies automatic interest only where your state's law does.
• Statutory forms: levy and final notices for your state, filled in from your records, with the official form linked where the law requires one.
• Meetings and notices: AGM notices with the budget and contribution motions your state's AGM needs, and the right notice period.
• Compliance calendar: reminders for the 10-year plan review, sinking fund budget, maintenance plan report, forward plan or audit your state and scheme size require.
• Owner portal and documents: owners see their levies, the budget, accounts and minutes themselves, which covers much of what they would otherwise ask to inspect.
• Audit trail and export: every change is recorded with who made it and when, and everything can be exported at any time.

Common questions

Can the committee put the levies up without a meeting?

No, in every state the levies are set by the owners at a general meeting, usually the AGM. The exceptions are narrow: in Queensland the committee can set an interim contribution until the AGM fixes the year's levies, and in WA the by-laws can give the council the power. Everywhere else the committee prepares the budget but the owners vote on it.

What is the difference between the admin fund and the sinking fund?

The administrative fund pays recurring costs such as insurance, cleaning, gardening and minor repairs. The long-term fund (capital works fund in NSW, maintenance fund in Victoria, reserve fund in WA, sinking fund elsewhere) saves for large, less frequent items like painting, roofs, lifts and driveways. Tasmania has one fund that may be split into recurrent and capital parts, and the NT's 2009 Act does not require separate funds.

Why does my neighbour pay a different levy from me?

Levies are shared by each lot's entitlement (unit entitlement, lot liability, contribution schedule lot entitlement or contribution entitlement, depending on the state), which is fixed when the scheme is created and usually reflects size or value. Some states also let a scheme charge more to a lot whose use adds costs, or share works that benefit only some lots on a benefit basis (Victoria's OCA ss 23 and 24, and the ACT's fair method by special resolution).

Can we get a discount for paying on time?

Only in NSW (10 per cent, by general meeting resolution), Queensland (up to 20 per cent, by ordinary resolution) and the ACT (by ordinary resolution, no maximum set). Victoria, WA, SA, Tasmania and the NT have no early payment discount provision.

How is a special levy approved?

By a resolution at a general meeting in every state. It is an ordinary resolution in Queensland, WA, SA, Tasmania and the ACT, and a resolution at a general meeting in NSW. In Victoria it needs a special resolution if it is more than twice the annual fees (unless it is for urgent safety repairs). In the NT a levy for a single item needs a special resolution and a recurring levy a unanimous resolution. SA community corporations also need a special or unanimous resolution for large spending, measured per lot.

Do we need a 10-year maintenance plan?

NSW: yes, every scheme (a detached two-lot scheme may opt out of the capital works fund), in the standard form when the plan is revised or replaced. Victoria: yes for 51 or more occupiable lots, optional below. Queensland: no separate plan, but each year's sinking fund budget must reserve for at least the next 9 years. WA: yes for 10 or more lots or a building replacement cost over $5 million. SA: a 3 or 5 year forward plan for 7 or more lots unless the common property is insured for $200,000 or less. ACT: yes for 4 or more units. Tasmania and the NT: no.

Can the committee spend money that is not in the budget?

Only within limits. Queensland has a committee spending limit ($200 per lot by default) and needs 2 quotes for major spending. WA allows up to $500 per lot a year outside the budget, or more after a 14-day objection period. The ACT allows general fund spending outside the budget only by ordinary resolution. SA community corporations need a special or unanimous resolution for large spending. In the NT the body corporate may set a committee limit. NSW needs 2 independent quotes above $30,000 and caps a large scheme at 10 per cent over each AGM estimate, but sets no general dollar cap on the committee. Victoria and Tasmania set no dollar cap. Everywhere, the committee cannot decide matters reserved for a general meeting. All states allow urgent or legally required spending.

Can our scheme take out a loan?

Generally yes. Queensland: ordinary resolution, and to owe more than $250 per lot, a resolution without dissent under the Standard Module or a special resolution under the Accommodation and Commercial Modules ($3,000 in total under the Small Schemes Module). Victoria: ordinary resolution up to one year's annual fees, special resolution above that. ACT: special resolution. NSW: a resolution at a general meeting approving the loan. WA and SA strata corporations have a power to borrow. NSW, Victoria, WA and the ACT do not allow the common property itself to be mortgaged or charged. In the NT, a mortgage or charge over a body corporate asset needs a resolution without dissent.

Can I see the scheme's bank statements and accounts?

Yes. Every state gives owners a right to inspect the scheme's financial records: Victoria free of charge at a reasonable time, Queensland within 7 days, WA within 10 days, the ACT within 14 days, the NT within 10 working days, SA within 5 business days, and NSW within 10 days if no time is agreed. Fees and the exact records covered vary by state.

Sources

• Strata Schemes Management Act 2015 (NSW) : ss 36, 73, 74, 79 to 85, 92, 95, 100, 102, 180, 182 and 183 (current version for 26 August 2026, read in the browser 2026-10-02).
• Strata Schemes Management Regulation 2016 (NSW) : cll 17I, 21 and 25 and Schedule 4 fees (current version for 26 June 2026).
• NSW Fair Trading, guide to strata law changes (updated 1 October 2026) : standard form for 10-year plans.
• Strata Schemes Legislation Amendment (Miscellaneous) Bill 2026 (NSW) : pending reminder notices and two-lot exemptions.
• NSW Fair Trading, finances and insurance : funds and 10-year plan overview.
• NSW Fair Trading, levies and levy notices : notice periods, special levies, hardship statement.
• NSW Fair Trading, record keeping requirements : inspection timing and fees.
• Owners Corporations Act 2006 (Vic) : ss 7A, 11, 17, 23 to 25, 29, 31, 33 to 45, 101 and 146, read from the current authorised version (version 024, from 9 September 2026).
• Consumer Affairs Victoria, fees : annual and special fees overview.
• Standard Module Regulation 2020 (Qld) : ss 52 and 160 to 176 and the spending limit definitions.
• Accommodation Module Regulation 2020 (Qld) s 161, Commercial Module Regulation 2020 (Qld) s 121 and Small Schemes Module Regulation 2020 (Qld) ss 79, 90 and 95 : borrowing, budgets and audit in the other modules.
• Body Corporate and Community Management Act 1997 (Qld) : s 205, access to records.
• qld.gov.au, owner contributions : lot entitlement and insurance sharing.
• Strata Titles Act 1985 (WA) : ss 100 to 102, 109, 116 and 117.
• Strata Titles (General) Regulations 2019 (WA) : regs 77 to 83.
• Strata Titles Act 1988 (SA) : ss 26, 27, 33, 33A, 40, 41 and 41A; and Community Titles Act 1996 (SA) : ss 113, 114, 116, 119, 138, 139 and 142 (current versions in force from 9 December 2021, read on the register 2026-10-02).
• Strata Titles Regulations 2018 (SA) : rr 11, 16 and 31 (version in force from 1 September 2026); Community Titles Regulations 2026 (SA) : rr 24 to 27, 30 and 31 (in force from 1 September 2026).
• Strata Titles Act 1998 (Tas) : ss 79, 82 to 84, 104, 117, 118 and 144.
• NRE Tasmania, Strata Title FAQs : properly levied contributions.
• Unit Titles (Management) Act 2011 (ACT) : ss 68 to 95 and 120A, Schedule 2.
• Unit Title Schemes (Management Modules) Regulations 2009 (NT) : Module 2 cls 24, 30, 48 to 58.
• Unit Title Schemes Act 2009 (NT) and Unit Titles Act 1975 (NT) : contribution entitlement, records and access (s 81), pre-2009 plans.